Unit-I
(General Thermodynamical Interactions)
1.1 Dependence of the number of states of external parameters,
1.2 General relations in equilibrium, Equilibrium conditions,
1.3 Infinitesimal quasistatic process,
1.4 Entropy of an ideal gas,
1.5 Equilibrium of an isolated system,
1.6 Equilibrium of a system in contact with reservoir (Gibb’s free energy),
1.7 Equilibrium between phases,
1.8 Clausius-Clapeyron equation,
1.9 Triple point,Vapour in equilibrium with liquid or solid,
1.10 equilibrium conditions for a system of fixed volume in contact with heat reservoir (Helmholtz free energy),
1.11 Equilibrium between phases and condition of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium condition for a system at constant pressure in contact with a heat reservoir (Enthalpy),
1.12 Maxwell’s relations.
Unit-II
(Thermal interactions of macroscopic systems)
2.1 Thermal interactions of macroscopic systems,
2.2 System in contact with a heat reservoir,
2.3 First law of thermodynamics and infinitesimal general interaction,
2.4 Concept of temperature and quantitative idea of temperature scale (thermodynamical parameter),
2.5 Distribution of energy, second law of thermodynamics,
2.6 Clausius and Kelvin’s statements,
2.7 Partition function (Z),
- mean energy of an ideal gas and
- mean pressure,
2.8 Heat engine
- efficiency of the engine,
- Carnot's cycle,
2.9 thermodynamical scale as an absolute scale.
Unit-III
(Production of Low Temperatures & Applications)
3.1 Joule-Thomson expansion
- J.T. coefficients for
- ideal gas
- Van der Waals’ gas
3.2 Temperature inversions,
3.3 Regenerative cooling,
3.4 Cooling by
- Adiabatic expansion and
- Demagnetization,
3.5 Liquid He,
3.7 Quest for absolute zero,
3.8 Nernst heat theorem.
Unit-IV
(Classical Statistics)
Maxwell Boltzman Statistics, Phase space, micro and macro states, Thermodynamic probability, Entropy and probability, Partition function (Z), The monatomic ideal gas, The principle of equipartition of energy, most probable, average and rms velocity, Specific heat capacity of diatomic gas, Specific heat capacity of solids. The Distribution of Molecular Velocities, the energy distribution, Transport phenomenon. mean free path, coefficients of viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion.
Unit-V
(Quantum Statistics)
Black body radiation and failures of classical statistics, Postulates of quantum statistics, Indistinguishability, Wave function and exchange degeneracy, Priori probability, Bose-Einstein’s Statistics, Planck’s distribution law, Fermi-Dirac statistics, completely degenerate system, Bose-Einstein condensation, Thermionic Emission, specific heat anomaly of metals, contact potential, Ortho and Para hydrogen.
List of Experiments
1. Study of dependence of velocity of wave propagation on line parameters using torsional wave apparatus.
2. Study of variation of reflection coefficient with nature of termination using torsional wave apparatus.
3. To find the melting point of a given substance using Platinum resistance thermometer.
4. Using Michelson’s interferometer: Find out the wavelength of a given monochromatic source (sodium light); Determine difference in wave length of D1and D2 lines.
5. Determine the thermodynamic constant (g=Cp/Cv) using Clement’s and Desorme’s methods.
6. Determine Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s Disc method.
7. Determination of Ballistic constant of Ballistic galvanometer.
8. Determination of high resistance by method of leakage.
9. Study the variation of total thermal radiation with temperature.
10. Any experiment, equivalent to the UG level.