Unit-I
General Thermodynamical interactions, Dependence of the number of states of external parameters, General relations in equilibrium, equilibrium conditions, infinitesimal quasistatic process, Entropy of an ideal gas, Equilibrium of an isolated system, Equilibrium of a system in contact with reservoir (Gibb’s free energy), equilibrium between phases, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Triple point,Vapour in equilibrium with liquid or solid, equilibrium conditions for a system of fixed volume in contact with heat reservoir (Helmholtz free energy), Equilibrium between phases and condition of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium condition for a system at constant pressure in contact with a heat reservoir (Enthalpy), Maxwell’s relations.
Unit-II
Thermal interactions of macroscopic Systems, system in contact with a heat reservoir, first law of thermodynamics and infinitesimal general interaction, Concept of temperature and quantitative idea of temperature scale (thermodynamical parameter), Distribution of energy, second law of thermodynamics, Claussius and Kelvin’s statements, partition function (Z), mean energy of an ideal gas and mean pressure, Heat engine and efficiency of the engine, Carnots cycle, thermodynamical scale as an absolute scale.
Unit-III
Production of Low Temperatures and Application, Joule Thomson expansion and J.T.coefficients for ideal as well as Van-der Waal’s gas, Temperature inversions, Regenerative cooling, cooling by adiabatic expansion and demagnetization, Liquid He, He–I and He-II, superfluidity, quest for absolute zero, Nernst heat theorem.
Unit-IV
Classical Statistics, Maxwell Boltzman Statistics, Phase space, micro and macro states, Thermodynamic probability, Entropy and probability, Partition function (Z), The monatomic ideal gas, The principle of equipartition of energy, most probable, average and rms velocity, Specific heat capacity of diatomic gas, Specific heat capacity of solids. The Distribution of Molecular Velocities, the energy distribution, Transport phenomenon. mean free path, coefficients of viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion.
Unit-V
Quantum Statistics, Black body radiation and failures of classical statistics, Postulates of quantum statistics, Indistinguishability, Wave function and exchange degeneracy, Priori probability, Bose-Einstein’s Statistics, Planck’s distribution law, Fermi-Dirac statistics, completely degenerate system, Bose-Einstein condensation, Thermionic Emission, specific heat anomaly of metals, contact potential, Ortho and Para hydrogen.