Osm Physics by Ashish

  Unit - I Evolution of quantum physics 1. Difficulties of classical mechanics to explain: the black-body emission spectrum, specific heat of solids. Plank quanta concept and radiation law, Photo electric effect and Einstein's explanations. Compton Effect, de-Broglie hypothesis, diffraction experiments for wave particles (Davisson-Germer experiment). 2. Uncertainty principle: position and momentum, angle and angular moment, energy, and time. Application of uncertainty principle: (i) Ground state energy of hydrogen atom, (ii) ground state energy of simple harmonic oscillator. (iii) Natural width of spectral lines, (iv) Non-existence of electron in nucleus. 3. Operators: linear operators, product of two operators, commuting and noncommuting operators. Simultaneous eigenfunction and eigenvalues, orthogonal wave functions, Hermitian operators, their eigenvalues. Hermitian adjoint operators. eigenvalues and eigenfunction; expectation values of operators: position, momentum, energy; Ehre...

  Unit 1 Circuit Analysis:  Electric Networks: Definitions, loop and nodal equations for D.C. and A.C. circuits (Kirchhoff's Laws). Four-Terminal Electric Network: Ampere-volt conventions, open, closed, and hybrid parameters of four-terminal networks; input, output, and mutual impedance for active four terminal networks. Circuit Theorems: Superposition, Thevenin, Norton, reciprocity, compensation, maximum power transfer, and Miller theorems. P-N Junction: Charge densities in N and P Semiconductors; conduction by drift and diffusion of charge carriers; P-N diode equation; capacitance effects. Rectifiers: Half-wave, full-wave, and bridge rectifiers; Ripple factor, efficiency, Peak Inverse Voltage and regulation; Series inductor, shunt capacitor, L-section, and π-section filters. Voltage Regulation: Zener diode, Voltage regulation using Zener diodes; voltage multipliers. Unit 2 Transistor Fundamentals: Notations, Configurations: CB, CE, CC. operation and characteristic curves for...

  Unit I Scaler and Vector Fields: Concept of Field, Scalar and Vector Fields, Gradient of scalar field, Physical significance of Gradient, Divergence and Curl of a vector field, Cartesian co-ordinates system, Problems based on Gradient, Divergence and curl operators. Concept of Solid angle, Gauss divergence and Stoke's theorem. Gauss law from inverse square law. Differential form of Gauss law. Electric Field and Potential Energy: Invariance of Charge, Potential energy of system of (i) Discrete N-charges (ii) Continuous charge distribution, Energy required to built a uniformly charged sphere, classical radius of electron, Electric field due to a short electric dipole, Interaction of electric dipole with external uniform and non-uniform electric field, potential due to a uniformly charged spherical shell. Poisson's and Laplace equations in Cartesian co-ordinates and their applications to solve the problems of electrostatics, Electric field measured in moving frames, Electric fie...

 Unit I Interference: Concept of Spatial and temporal coherence, coherence length, coherence time, Definition and propagation of wavefront, Huygens principle of secondary wavelets, Young’s Double Slit Experiment, Types of fringes, Interference by division of wavefront: Fresnel’s Bi-Prism, Measurement of wavelength and thickness of a thin transparent sheet. Interference by division of amplitude– Thin films (parallel and wedge-shaped films), Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings: measurement of wavelength and refractive index. Michelson’s Interferometer, the shape of fringes, the Measurement of wavelength, the difference between two spectral lines, and the thickness of a thin transparent sheet.  Unit II Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit; Double slit. Multiple slits, missing order, Diffraction grating, Resolving power of grating, Rayleigh’s criterion of resolution. Fresnel Diffraction: Half-per...

  Unit - I Physical Law and frame of Reference: (a) Inertial and non-inertial frames, Coordinate transformation: transformation of displacement, velocity, acceleration between different frames of reference involving translation motion, Galilean transformation and invariance of Newton's laws. (b) The Special theory of relativity: Postulates of STR (Special theory of relativity), the Lorentz transformation, transformation of velocity, acceleration, Length contraction, time dilation and its experimental evidence. (c) Coriolis Force: Transformation of displacement, velocity and acceleration between rotating frame, Pseudo forces, Coriolis force, motion relative to earth, Foucault's pendulum. (d) Conservative Forces: Introduction about conservative and non-conservative forces, rectilinear motion under conservative forces, discussion of potential energy curve and motion of a particle.  Unit -II: Centre of Mass: Introduction about Centre of Mass, Centre of Mass Frame: Collision of two...

To study the common emitter transistor frequency response.

Study the following characteristics of the op-amp 741:  (a) Inverting mode operation (b) non-inverting mode operation (c) Input impedance (d) output impedance (e) input offset current

Study digital to analog conversion.