Osm Physics by Ashish

Physical Laws and Frames of Reference | B.Sc. Physics Notes Physical Laws and Frames of Reference Inertial & Non-Inertial Frames — B.Sc. Physics Notes 1. Frame of Reference A frame of reference is a coordinate system (origin + three mutually perpendicular axes) together with a clock used to specify the position and time of events. Position of a particle is given by the position vector \(\mathbf{r}(t)\) relative to the chosen origin. Velocity: \(\mathbf{v} = \dfrac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt}\) Acceleration: \(\mathbf{a} = \dfrac{d\mathbf{v}}{dt} = \dfrac{d^{2}\mathbf{r}}{dt^{2}}\) All mechanical quantities (displacement, velocity, acceleration, force) are measured with respect to a chosen frame. There is no absolute frame of rest in classical mechanics. 2. Inertial Frames of Reference Definition An inertial frame is a frame in which a free particle (net external force = 0) moves with constant velocity (Newton’s first law holds). Equivalently, it is a frame t...

  Unit-I    Physical Laws and Frames of Reference:  Inertial &  non-inertial frames ,  Galilean transformations and invariance of physical laws,  Fictitious force,  Uniformly rotating frames Transformation of displacement, velocity and acceleration,  Coriolis force,  motion relative to earth, effect of rotation of earth on ‘g’,  Focault’s pendulum and its time period.  Unit-II    Conservation Laws and Dynamics of Particles:  Concept of centre of mass,  Centre of mass of a system of particles,  Equation of motion,  Conservation of linear momentum,  Relationship between (Lab and center of Mass frames in 1-D and 2-D reference)  Elastic and inelastic collision,  Motion of a system with varying mass,  Motion in a central force field,  Conservation of angular momentum,  Trajectory of a particle under gravitational force,  Kepler’s laws,  Rutherford’s formula....