B.Sc. (Physics) Semester II - Kota University

 

Unit-I

Scalar and Vector Fields: Scalar and Vector Fields, Gradient of a scalar field, relation between conservative field and Potential, line, surface and volume integral of vector fields, concept of flux, Divergence and Curl of a vector field and their physical significance, Gauss’ divergence and Stokes curl theorem with proof, Del and Laplacian operator in Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates.

Unit II

Electrostatic: Electric potential and field due to arbitrary charge distribution, Multipole Expansion, potential and field due to dipole & its interaction with electric field, electrostatic energy of a uniformly charged sphere, classical radius of an electron. Atomic and molecular dipoles, induced dipole and polarizability, dielectrics and their electrical polarization, susceptibility and displacement vector, Capacity of a capacitor with partially and completely filled dielectrics, Gauss’ law in integral and differential form, Lorentz local field and Clausius-Mossoti equation.

Unit-III

Electrostatic Field: Conductors in an electric field, boundary conditions for electrostatic field and potential at dielectric surface, uniqueness theorem, method of electrical images and its application for system of point charge near a grounded conducting plane, Poisson’s and Laplace equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates (without proof), solution of Laplace’s equation in cartesian coordinates, boundary conditions.

Unit IV

LCR Circuits and Magnetostatics: Rise and decay of current in LR and CR circuits, decay constants, transients in LCR circuits, self and mutual induction, Measurement of selfinduction by Rayleigh’s method, AC circuits and complex numbers and their application in solving AC circuit problems, complex impedance and reactance, series and parallel resonance. Quality factor, power consumed by an AC circuit, Power factor. Biot Savart law, Amperes circuital law in differential and integral form, Magnetization vector, Magnetizing field H, relation between B, H and M. uniform magnetization and surface current, Non – uniform magnetization, orbital and spin angular momentum & magnetic moment, orbital gyro magnetic ratio and Bohr Magneton, Magnetic susceptibility.

Unit-V

Electrodynamics: Time Varying Fields, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, its integral and differential form, Maxwell’s equation in differential and integral form, Maxwell’s displacement current, Wave equation for electric and magnetic field, Plane electromagnetic waves and their properties, transverse nature of EM wave, energy density, Poynting Theorem, Poynting vector, propagation of EM Wave in conducting and isotropic dielectric medium.

List of Experiments 

1. Study of surface tension by Jaeger’s method.

2. To determine the polarizing angle for the glass prism surface and todetermine the refractive

index of the material of prism using Brewster’s law m =tan (ip) .

3. Low resistance by Carey-Foster’ bridge.

4. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of circular coil and hence determine the radius of coil.

5. To study the variation of charge and current in RC circuit for different time constants (using DC source).

6. To study the behavior of RC circuit with varying resistance and capacitance using AC Mains as a power source and also determine the impedance and phase relations.

7. To study the rise and decay of current in LR circuit with a source of constant emf.

8. To study the voltage and current behavior of LR circuit with a AC power source also determinepower factor,impedance and phase relation.

9. To study resonance in a series LCR circuit and determine Q of the circuit.

10. Conversion of Galvanometer into Ammeter.

11. Conversion of Galvanometer into Voltmeter.

12. Any experiment, equivalent to the UG level.