Osm Physics by Ashish

Frame of Reference A frame of reference is a coordinate system (origin + three mutually perpendicular axes) together with a clock used to specify the position and time of events. 1. Inertial Frames Definition An inertial frame is a frame in which a free particle (net external force = 0) moves with constant velocity (Newton’s first law holds). Equivalently, it is a frame that is either at rest or moving with uniform velocity relative to a fixed star (or any other inertial frame). Properties Newton’s laws of motion are valid in their standard form: \(\mathbf{F} = m\mathbf{a}\) Acceleration of a free particle is zero. If \(S\) is inertial and \(S'\) moves with constant velocity relative to \(S\), then \(S'\) is also inertial. All inertial frames are equivalent for the formulation of the laws of classical mechanics (Galilean principle of relativity). Examples A frame fixed to the distant stars (approximately). A laboratory fram...