Restoring Force Definition: A restoring force is the force that acts to bring a displaced system back to its equilibrium position. It is directly proportional to the displacement. Where k is constant and Negative sign presenting that restoring force is opposite to displacement. 2. 2. Damping Force Definition: A damping force is the resistive force that opposes the motion of an oscillating body. It reduces the amplitude of oscillation with time. Origin: friction, air resistance, viscous drag, etc. It is directly proportional to the velocity. Where λ is damping constant and negative sign → damping force always acts opposite to velocity. 3. 3. Equation of Motion for Damped Oscillator
